2020年全国研究生入学统一考试（英语二）试题及答案解析（4）

　　2020年研究生联考（英语二）考试已经结束，为了让大家及时了解考试情况，本文由在职研究生联展网为大家整理了2020年一月联考（英语二）试题及答案以供大家核对。

　　Part B

　　Directions:

Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41 -45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　[A]Give compliments, just not too many.

　　[B] Put on a good face, always.

　　[C] Tailor your interactions.

　　[D] Spend time with everyone.

　　[E] Reveal, don' t hide, information.

　　[F] Slow down and listen.

　　[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.

　　Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the Office

　　   Is it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people, much less 50, who all get along perfectly. But unlike in friendships, you need coworkers. You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you. Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side

　　   41.____

   If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness. The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them, you should just be honest.

　　   42._____

   Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others. We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back- and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.

　　   43._____

   It's common to have a“cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to gTow your internal network, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.

　　44._____

　　 Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it. One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.

　　   45.______

   This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another, So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you re dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.

　　41. 答案是E  Reveal, don’t hide, informatio

　　解析：根据段落转折句，“你这样做对谁都没有好处。”所以接下来就是作者的观点。他说一个研究发现观察者们一直对那些和他们坦诚的人评价很高，而对那些有所隐藏的失去信任。所以就是要真实，不要隐藏信息。

　　42. 答案是F  Slow down and liste

　　解析：根据段落中心句: In fact, rishing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don’t value their opinions. 意思是实际上，急着表达你的观点可能会让同事们觉得你没有重视他们的观点。因此就是听取别人的观点。

　　43. 答案是D  Spend time with everyone

　　解析：根据段落转折句，“除了那些你信任的同事，你还应该扩大你的圈子，并且寻找所有你身边的人。因此就是要和每个人在一起。

　　44. 答案是A  Give compliments, just not too many

　　解析：根据段落转折句，“但是不要过度去做或者做假。应该做的内容就在下句，“一个研究发现，人们对于从负面到正面的评价反应最好，也许因为这个评价表明他们有比其他人做得好。因此这就是要称赞，但是不能太多。

　　45. 答案是C  Tailor your interactio

　　解析：根据段落中心句，最后一句：So, adapt your style accordingly to type. 意思是要相应地把你的风格适合于不同的类型。也就是因人而异的意思。

Section III   Translation

　　It's almost impossible to go through life without experiencing some kind of failure. People who do so probably live so cautiously that they go nowhere. Put simply, they’re not real living at all. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.

　　We can choose to see failure as"the end of the world, "or as proof of just how inadequate we are. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we're meant to learn. These lessons are very important; they're how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them. Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise.

For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failing at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.

　　参考译文：

　　人的一生几乎不可能不经历某种失败。但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我们来决定如何看待它。

　　我们可以选择将失败看作是“世界末日”。或者像以往一样，把它看作令人难以置信的学习经历。每当我们在某件事上失败时，我们会选择寻找应学习的教训。这些教训非常重要；他们教会我们如何成长，如何避免再次犯相同的错误。如果失败阻止我们前进，那么唯一的条件就是我们允许它的发生。

　　失败还可以教会我们认识自己，那是我们在别处永远无法学习到的。例如，失败可以帮助你发现自己的能力。失败可以帮助你发现最真实的朋友，或者帮助你找到预料之外的成功动力。

　　【解析】

　　一、总述

　　考题文章来自于知名网站Mind Tools上一篇名为“Overcoming Fear of Failure：Facing Your Fear of Moving Forward”一文。文章略有删减，总词数151词，共3段，10句话。题目难度适中，题材常规，符合英语二翻译历年的考题规律。相似题材的文章曾经考过，如2010年“承受力”这篇文章。考题贴近生活，总体难度较低，考生可从容应对，个别语句较为抽象，略有难度，下面进行解析。

　　二、难句剖析

　　1.【原文】But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.

　　【分析】本句话易于简单，由主句加上that引导的表语从句构成，表语从句中嵌套这how引导的宾语从句。其中，the wonderful thing about failure 可以理解为“失败的妙处”，be up to sb.表示“取决于某人”；it's entirely up to us to decide how to look at it可以理解为“完全由我们来决定如何看待它”，把无灵主语it译成有灵主语“我们”，更符合汉语习惯。

　　【译文】但是，失败的妙处就在于，完全由我们来决定如何看待它。

　　2.【原文】Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is.

　　【分析】本句话由主句和that引导的定语从句构成。其中，look at failure as the learning experience需要注意措辞，incredible是形容词，最常见的意思是“不能相信的”，但也有“难以置信的、极大的、极好的”之意；结合语境，翻译成“难以置信的”较为通顺，因此这半句话可理解为“把它看作令人难以置信的学习经历”，为避免上下文重复，可将failure译成代词“它”。

　　【译文】或者像以往一样，把它看作令人难以置信的学习经历。

　　3.【原文】Failures stop us only if we let them.

　　【分析】本句由主句和only if引导的条件状语构成，only if基本的词义为“只要……就，只是在……的时候，只有”的意思，也有“除了”的含义。本句考点之一在于状语从句翻译时需要前置，其二在于选取only if符合语境的词义。

　　【译文】除非我们允许失败的发生，否则失败无法阻止我们前进。

　　 46. Directions:

Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　Section IV    Writing

　　Part A

　　47. Directions:

　　Part B

　　48. Directions:

　　Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should

　　1) interpret the chart, and

　　2) give your comments.

　　You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

　　2019年12月21日下午，考研英语落下帷幕。纵观英语二试卷，总体来看比较容易。帅波老师给大家解析一下英语二的大作文。本次英语二大作文考查的是饼状图，回顾过去英语二10年考试中，5年考查的是柱状图，3年考查的是饼状图，1年考查得失线形图，1年考查的是表格。可以看出柱状图和饼状图考查最频繁。本次考查的饼状图的话题仍然是关于大学生的话题。回顾过去10年考试中，有3年考查了与大学生有关的话题，分别是2013年考查大学生兼职情况，2016年考查某高校学生旅游目的调查，2019年考查某高校本科毕业生毕业去向统计。今年考查的是某高校学生使用手机的目的调查。

　　本篇英语二大作文的结构要分三段来写：第一段描述图表，第二段分析原因，第三段给出结论、趋势预测及建议。第一段描述图表要观察全面，不可遗漏有用信息。其中用手机学习的占主要比例，占59.5%，可以用这个句型来写：…take(s) a lion’s share, accounting for 59.5%，其它用手机的目的是打发时间、浏览信息和其它，分别占到20.5%，17%和2%，这三者可以放在一起用一个句子来搞定，……occupy 20.5%, 17% and 2% respectively。

　　第二段分析原因，主要写这个现象的原因，尤其是用手机主要目的的成因。考生可以从这几个方面分析原因：第一，随着经济的发展，人民生活水平提高，几乎每个家长都会给学买一部手机，这一点是前提条件。第二，随着科技的进步，手机给人们带来了太多的便利，尤其是在学习、交流和查阅资料方面。

　　第三段写结论、趋势预测和建议。结论可以概括一点，大学生这样利用手机很符合年轻人的特点与时代特征。趋势预测大概说明一下未来几年这边趋势会发生怎样的变化，一般而言图表中的现象都可以体现出未来一段时间会继续持续一段时间。最后，可以提示年轻人不要沉迷于手机。

　　综上，今年的英语二大作文还是比较容易写出，具体写法请看下面的参考范文：

　　                                              某高校学生使用手机阅读目的

一段：As is apparently demonstrated in the chart above, we are informed some information concerning college students’ reading intentions with mobile phones in a certain university. To be more specific, with the help of cell phones, the proportions of college students’ spending on study take a lion’s share, accounting for up to 59.5%. Then those who would like to spend more time on goofing, browsing information and others occupy approximately 20%, 17% and 2% respectively.

二段： There are diverse components contributing to the above trend, but generally speaking, they may put down to the following two aspects. Initially, there is no doubt that recent years have witnessed the rapid development of economy, and people’s living standards have been improved remarkably, as a result of which, an increasing number of parents are likely to buy their children a smart phone, which may provide possibility for students to apply more advanced equipment into study, to the extent that their learning efficiency and reading horizons would be improved. Simultaneously, along with the development of technology and the advancement of the Internet, a growing quantity of college students’ reading habits have been changed because mobile phones would offer more convenience during their study, which should be taken into account.

三段： Based on the discussion above, a conclusion can be drawn safely that college students’ reading habits adhere to youngsters’ characteristics and comply with the trait of the new era. Given the data above, it is well predicted that this trend as reflected by the pie chart above will continue for a while in the near future. Nevertheless, there are also some potential risks if college students are too addicted to mobile phones; therefore, it is advisable for youngsters to arrange time reasonably during using cell phones.